A Cochrane Review published on September 29, 2025 assessed 14 RCTs: five trials (101,825 participants) on older adults; three trials (12,010 participants) on maternal vaccination and effects on infants; one trial (300 participants) on women of childbearing age; and five trials (192 participants) on infants and children.

Read about their methodology, findings, and implications for both practice and research.